Reference Library
Byzantine
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OBV
REVConstans II and Constantine IV: The Four-Emperor Byzantine Gold Solidus
A comprehensive numismatic study of the Constantinople Class VI gold solidus struck under Constans II and Constantine IV with junior Augusti Heraclius and Tiberius, reviewing historical context, iconography, epigraphy, typological variations, and modern chronological debates.
OBV
REVThe Gold Solidus of Justinian I: Metropolitan Typology, Chronology, and Imperial Ideology
An in-depth numismatic analysis of the Byzantine gold solidus struck at Constantinople under Justinian I (r. 527–565 CE). The guide details historical context, obverse and reverse iconography, epigraphy, the evolution across Classes I–III, and scholarly debates surrounding reverse identity and the CONOB formula.
OBV
REVMaurice Tiberius: The Imperial Gold Solidus (582–602 CE)
An authoritative examination of the standard imperial gold solidus of Byzantine Emperor Maurice Tiberius, analyzing historical context, obverse and reverse iconography, uncial epigraphy, officina sequences, and longstanding numismatic debates regarding angelic personification and late Roman metrology.