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Constans II and Constantine IV

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Constans II and Constantine IV: The Four-Emperor Byzantine Gold Solidus, obverseOBV
Constans II and Constantine IV: The Four-Emperor Byzantine Gold Solidus, reverseREV
Byzantine
Constans II and Constantine IVGold solidus659-661 CE

Constans II and Constantine IV: The Four-Emperor Byzantine Gold Solidus

A comprehensive numismatic study of the Constantinople Class VI gold solidus struck under Constans II and Constantine IV with junior Augusti Heraclius and Tiberius, reviewing historical context, iconography, epigraphy, typological variations, and modern chronological debates.