The Silver Drachm of Phraates IV
Phraates IV, who ruled the Parthian Empire from 38 BC to 2 BC, is remembered as one of the most politically complex and diplomatically active monarchs of the Arsacid dynasty. His reign intersected with Roman interference and internal rivalries. This era saw Parthia solidify its eastern territories while skillfully balancing diplomatic relations with Rome.
Phraates IV is perhaps best known for recovering the legionary standards lost by Crassus at the disastrous Battle of Carrhae (53 BC), a diplomatic achievement that brought prestige to his rule. This coin captures the emperor’s majesty and the cultural blending typical of Parthian coinage.
Obverse:
The king is shown in Hellenistic style, with a diadem and detailed hair/beard pattern. Behind him flies Nike (the goddess of victory), crowning him with a wreath, a divine endorsement of his rule. This imagery reinforces the king’s legitimacy and Hellenic cultural integration.
Reverse:
Depicts the legendary figure Arsakes I (founder of the Arsacid dynasty) seated with a bow, symbol of Parthian military tradition. A five-rayed star appears behind the throne. The surrounding seven-line Greek inscription proclaims:
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩN ΑΡΣΑΚΟY ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ
Translation: King of Kings Arsaces, Benefactor, Just, Illustrious, Philhellene
This inscription emphasizes both divine favor and the dynasty’s Hellenistic cultural alliances.
Coin Specifications
Region: Parthian Empire
Ruler: Phraates IV
Reign: 38 BC – 2 BC
Denomination: Drachm
Material: Silver
Weight: 3.15g
Diameter: 18.20mm
Die Axis: 12h
ID: PAR-PHRA4-AR-DR-001
Historical Context
Phraates IV’s rule was marked by ambition and political cunning. His maneuvering against Roman pressures and internal rivals showcases the resilience of the Parthian state. Through his coinage, Phraates IV projected power not only militarily but also ideologically, aligning himself with Greek virtues and divine favor.
Coins like this one were minted in Rhagae and other eastern cities of the empire, underscoring their circulation in major trade centers and among military ranks.
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